Advanced System Grounding and Preventive Grounding
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Advanced System Grounding and Preventive Grounding Course
Introduction:
The proper implementation of ground connections in large power systems, distribution centers, and load centers is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of the power system. Grounding systems serve as a vital point of reference for live electrical conductors within a power supply network. They also provide a pathway for surge currents to dissipate into the soil, thereby safeguarding the well-being of personnel and the general public by maintaining the exposed conducting enclosures of electrical equipment at ground potential.
Course Objectives:
At the end of this training course, you will learn:
- Main concepts of grounding system design and associated calculations
- Risk assessment and mitigation techniques as related to power system disturbances
- How to analyze and calculate appropriate grounding systems for substations
- Soil layers specifications, testing, and selection of earthing rods
- Principles of lightning and surge protection
Who Should Attend?
We encourage the staff involved in the operation, planning, design, and maintenance of power systems to attend this course. This Electrical Engineering training course is suitable for a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit:
- Project Engineers / Managers
- Electrical Engineers / Technicians
- System Operators
- Design Engineers
- Asset Engineers / Managers
- Planning Engineers / Managers
- Protection, Instrumentation, and Commissioning Engineers / Technicians
Course Outlines:
Need for Grounding Systems
- Electric Fault
- Consequences of Fault
- Arc Flash Boundary
- Types of Fault
- Protective Personal Equipment (PPE)
- Grounding Fundamentals
- Bonding
- Ground Electrodes
- Grounding of Electrical Substations
- Elimination of Static Charges by appropriate Grounding
- Impact of Lightning on Power Systems
- Surge Protection
- Noise Mitigation
- Lightning Strike
- Effect of Lightning on Power Lines
- Lightning Protection Methods
- Formation of Static Charges
- Hazards associated with Static Charge Build-up
- Spark Energy and Ignition Capability
- Assessment & Control of Static Charge
Types of Grounding Systems
- Ungrounded Systems
- Solidly Grounded Systems
- Resistance Grounding using NER
- Impedance Grounding using Neutral Reactor
- Shock Hazard
- Grounding of Equipment
- Protective Devices
- Thermal Capability
- Touch Potential
- Step Potential
- Induced Voltage Mitigation
- EMI Suppression
- Metal Enclosure for Grounding Conductors
- Surge Protection via Grounding Connections
- Earth Fault Protection Sensitivity
- TN Systems
- TN-C System
- TN-S System
- TN-C-S System
- TT System
Ground Faults and Related Protection Techniques
- Circuit Breaker Protection
- Fuse Protection
- Relay Protection
- Protection Criteria
- Sequence Networks
- Per Unit System
- Measuring Transformers (CT and VT)
- Overcurrent Protection
- Earth Fault Protection
- IDMT O/C & E/F Protection
- Transformer O/C and E/F Protection
Grounding Systems Studies
- Soil Resistance
- Soil Resistivity Measurement Techniques & Interpretations
- The resistance of Dingle Rod Electrode
- Use of Multiple Ground Electrodes (earthing rods) in Parallel
- Current carrying capacity of Ground Electrodes
- Measurement of Ground Electrode Resistance
- Chemical Electrodes and Corrosion Problems
- Approach to Grounding System Design
- Ground Fault Current
- Grounding of HV Substations
- Grounding of MV & LV Installations
- Grounding Grid for HV Outdoor Substation
- Soil Resistivity Calculations using Multi-layer Models