In this course, you will delve into the principles of gas compression and expansion laws as applied to industrial processes. The course will then explore various types of rotating machines commonly found in industrial plants, along with their associated aspects. The primary objective is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges posed by compressors and turbines and equip participants with effective problem-solving techniques. By the end of the course, you will have gained a solid foundation and practical skills to tackle issues related to compressors and turbines successfully.

Course Objectives:

At the end of this course participants will have:

· An understanding of the construction and operational constraints of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines.

· Knowledge of how to optimally maintain the equipment for the benefit of the company

· Hints and Tips for practical application of monitoring technologies so as to achieve the best results.

Who Should Attend?

This course is directed towards Supervisors, Team Leaders and Managers in Maintenance, Engineering, and Production. The course will also benefit anyone who wishes to update themselves on Centrifugal Compressors and Steam Turbines, judge the suitability of them for their needs, and learn how to operate and maintain them for the benefit of their organizations.

Course Outlines:

Gas Laws & Compression Theory Compression and Expansion Fundamentals
Gas Equations o Ideal gas equation and practical application o Isentropic, polytropic compression o Mass and volume capacity
Practical compression laws o Effect of process temperature o Power of compression
Mollier diagrams o For gas and steam Compression and Expansion Mechanisms
Compression Basics o Euler’s law, applications for compressors and turbines, o characteristic curves o velocities triangle
Blade types o Impulse profile and Reaction profile – where each type are used and why.
Dynamic Effects o Mach number: effect on temperature, pressure and density; o Subsonic and supersonic machines
Simple Calculations o Dimensionless coefficients, specific speeds

Practical Applications Compressor and Turbine Performance and Operation
Affinity Laws for centrifugal impellers o Calculating effect of speed change
Calculating the effect of impeller changes
Characteristic curves o Effect of change on operating and process parameters
Operational Problems o Surge o Stonewall o Range of working efficiency
Capacity control methods o Speed change o Inlet guide vanes
Commissioning o Pre-start checks o Vibration survey o Runup/rundown analyses

Steam Plant & Turbines Steam turbines
Turbine Characteristics o Speed o Specific consumption o Efficiency
Steam Conditions o Influence of inlet steam state o Effects of exhaust steam
Control Systems o Speed governor o Pressure & temperature control systems
Safety devises o Overspeed o Overpressure
Associated Equipment o Condensers o Pumps o Boilers

Turbine Construction & Maintenance Construction and Systems
Construction o Casings o Diaphragms o Stator o Blades
Bearings & Seals o Rotor, journal and thrust bearings o Internal and shaft seals o Coupling
Rotor Dynamics o Balance o Critical speeds
Associated Systems o Lubrication system o Seal systems
Typical mechanical incidents

Engineering Aspects Engineering
API specifications
Information required for bidding
Factory tests

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