One of the trickiest and most enduring issues facing the electric utility sector has been the detection of faults on electrical distribution systems. The effectiveness and features of electrical system configurations, such as active and reactive power generation, switchgear, protective relays, earthling systems, etc., play a critical role in determining how much or how little an impact fault has on the system. Protective systems are made to detect defects and minimize the impacted area while quickly initiating fault clearing. Circuit breakers are tripped by protective relays, which detect faults. As an alternative, the distribution system uses fuses to detect and clear faults.

Course Objectives:

To know the major faults which the electrical networks encounter cause a curtail of electrical supply and how to mitigate it. Upon the successful completion of this practical course, participants will be able to:-

· Apply and gain in-depth knowledge of electrical fault characteristics and the fault calculation

· Discuss the limiting fault currents and arc characteristics

· Discover the High-Impedance Faults, the Equipment Faults, and the External & Internal Fault Causes.

· Differentiate symmetrical faults, symmetrical components, and the unsymmetrical faults

· Explain the grounding system of generation, transmission, and distribution networks and how it affects the electrical quantities, short circuit level, and protection system.

· Identify the causes of voltage deviations and its effect on auxiliaries of generators, industrial loads, and the stability of electrical power systems

· Discuss the reasons for the shortage of active and reactive power in electrical networks and its effect on the electrical quantities

· Realize the effect of environmental conditions on the electrical equipment and the abnormal phenomena, which affect the electrical networks

· Discuss the electrical system protection, circuit breakers, fuses and relays and the application and setting of each protection equipment within the electrical network

· Explain the electrical system restoration (Brown-out, Black-out)

· improve the understanding of the electrical materials and equipment used in the Oil & Gas industry,

· Develop expertise allowing to optimize the operation, to size and assess the performances of equipment and networks,

· Know the electrical equipment and network maintenance and prevention principles,

· Know, apply, and set the electrical safety rules in the Oil & Gas industry.

Who Should Attend?

This course is intended for engineers & supervisors who work in transmission, distribution, maintenance, operation, control, and analysis of Utilities & Industrial Electrical Networks.

Course Outlines:

ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION

Gas turbine: technology used to drive the alternator.
Alternator: constitution, functioning, control, voltage and frequency generated, protections.
Coupling of sources and flow rate on a structured network.
Monitoring and maintenance of the equipment.
Troubleshooting.

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION & NETWORKS

Electrical distribution/networks:
Constitution and constituents of HV and LV networks, architectures and equipment.
Distribution philosophy: design and sizing, power distribution, network stability, control of cos ρ, logical selectivity, differential protection selectivity, redundancy of sources and supply means.
Constituents:
HV and LV switchboards and switchgears.
Transformers: types, main parameters, protections, auxiliaries.
Circuit breakers, protection and isolation elements.
Inverters/battery chargers: inverters, reversers, rectifiers.
Batteries: types of battery, composition and functioning, charging modes.
Earthing and neutral point treatments:
Equipotential networks.
Earthing on site.
Studies of the different neutral point treatments.
Protections: types of electrical protections, protection relays, circuit breakers, and fuses.

ELECTRIC MOTORS

Functioning and operation of electric motors:
Functioning and technology of AC, induction, single-phase, and three-phase motors (asynchronous motors).
Functioning and technology of the main DC motors.
Windings coupling, adjustment to site conditions.
Impact of the process operating conditions and changes in the process operating conditions on the electric driving motors.
Routine monitoring.
Troubleshooting.
Electric motor-related equipment:
Starting systems.
Variable speed systems: principle, functioning, constitution.
Circuits and auxiliary functions: lubrication, cooling, systems for explosive area application.
Maintenance.

PROTECTION AGAINST THE ELECTRICAL RISKS (as per the UTE C 18-510)

Electrical risks:
Hazards in the electrical installations.
Voltage levels, safe approach distances, related safety devices.
Effects and consequences of the electrical risks.
Protection against the electrical risks: concept and protection classes.

HAZARDOUS AREAS & ATEX STANDARDS

Definition of a hazardous area:

Filters