This session aims to increase the understanding of the function that Power System Protection systems play among plant operators, electricians, field workers, and engineers. Correct management and a thorough grasp of power systems will improve your plant's performance and efficiency while also enhancing everyone's safety. The goal of the course is to provide participants a thorough academic and practical grasp. The course begins at a basic level to help engineers and technicians become more comfortable with the art of learning, which may have been forgotten over time. It also serves as a refresher for those who are already familiar with the topics presented. Next, the workshop shifts to more intricate applications.

Course Objectives:

Participants attending this program will gain a detailed appreciation of the following:

The need for protection
An overview of power system fault analysis
Protection fundamentals
Relay transducers, both current and future
System grounding principles
Over current earth fault protection
Coordination principles

Who Should Attend?

Electrical Engineers
Project Engineers
Design Engineers
Instrumentation and Design Engineers
Electrical Technicians
Field Technicians
Electricians
Plant Operators

Course Outlines:

Need For Protection

Selectivity, stability, sensitivity, speed, reliability, dependability, security

Fault Types & Their Effects

Active, incipient, passive, transient, asymmetrical
Phase & earth faults

Simple Calculation of Short

Circuit Currents

Revision of simple formulae
Calculation of short circuit MVA & fault currents
Worked examples

System Earthing

Solid, impedance, touch potentials
Effect of electric shock
Earth leakage protection
Protection System Components

Including Fuses

History, construction & characteristics
Energy let through & applications

Instrument Transformers

Current transformers: construction, performance, specification, magnetization curves
Voltage transformers: types, accuracy, connections

Circuit Breakers

Purpose & duty, clearance times, types

Tripping Batteries

Battery types, chargers, maintenance, D.C. circuitry

Relays

Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) relay
Construction principles and setting
Calculation of settings - practical examples
New Era - modern numerical relays & future trends

Practical demonstrations and sessions

Including simple fault calculations and relay settings

Co-Ordination by Time Grading

Problems in applying IDMT relays

Low Voltage Networks

Air & molded circuit breakers
Construction and installation
Protection tripping characteristics
Selective co-ordination (current limiting, earth leakage protection, cascading)

Principles of Unit Protection

Differential protection - basic principles

Feeder Protection

Cables
Pilot wire differential
Overhead lines
Distance protection (basic principles, characteristics, various schemes)

Transformer Protection

Phase shift, magnetizing in-rush, inter-turn, core & tank faults
Differential & restricted earth fault schemes
Bucholz relay, oil & winding temperature
Oil - testing & gas analysis

Switchgear (Busbar) Protection

Requirements, zones, types
Frame leakage
Reverse blocking
High, medium & low impedance schemes

Motor Protection

Thermal overload, time constraints, early relays, starting & stalling conditions
Unbalanced supply voltages, negative sequence currents, de-rating factors
Phase faults protection
Earth faults - core balance, residual stabilizing resistors

Generator Protection

Stator & rotor faults
Overload & over-voltage
Reverse power, unbalanced loading
Loss of excitation and synchronism

Filters