In today's oil, gas, and chemical industries, process control necessitates precise monitoring of process conditions as well as accurate knowledge of those conditions. There cannot be control or knowledge about the process's status without measurement. An enhanced comprehension of the measurement apparatus and instruments can boost operator performance, which will enhance plant performance. An operator may more easily pinpoint the root cause of issues and stop them from happening again by having a better understanding of how equipment is chosen, built, and operated. As a result, the financial advantages of having well-informed and trained operators are easily measured.

Course Objectives:

To provide the participants with a better understanding of the control instrument and the problems related to their use. At the completion of the course, the participants:

know the main types of instruments and their working principle.
understand the working principle of the different types of control loops.
know the typical DCS architecture and the typical Safety System layout.
Specify and design instrumentation systems for pressure, level, temperature, and flow.
Correctly select and size control valves for any particular application.
Troubleshoot and identify problems with instrumentation systems.
Isolate control loops and identify a faulty instrument.

Who Should Attend?

All those working on process plants who are familiar with the general purpose of process measuring instruments and control equipment. This will include process operators and trainee instrument technicians and engineers on all types of oil, gas, and chemical plants. This short intensive course is aimed at operators, technicians, and engineers who are currently employed in these industries and require further information on the equipment that they will use.

Course Outlines:

The Control loop:

Function and constitution of control loops and on/off control systems, Pneumatic, electrical, and digital control loops. Power supply, signal transmission (tubes, cables, bus, optical fibers …), and conversion. Tags and symbols.

Sensors:

Accuracy and tuning of measuring devices.

Temperature measurement:

Temperature scales, non-electrical thermometers, electrical measuring devices.

Pressure measurement:

Measurement units, devices for local reading, or for transmission, pressure gauge installation.

Flow measurement:

Measurement units, head meters, other principles, and devices: electromagnetic and ultrasonic meters, vortex effect, Coriolis effect.

Level measurement:

level glass, float-actuated, and displacer devices.
Other principles and devices: radioactive, capacitance, ultrasonic and radar devices, differential pressure cells.

Safety devices:

two-position sensors, position sensors, temperature, and pressure sensors.

Transmitters

Pneumatic transmitters: the transformation of force into a pneumatic signal and amplification, technology, and transmitter tuning - Operation of the sensor-transmitter combination.
Electric and electronic transmitters: operating principle of strength equilibrium and displacement transmitters.
Digital and programmable transmitters.

Control Valves

Linear displacement valves: technology, different plug types, characteristic curves (linear, exponential, and quick opening), safety position (AO, AC, FC, FO…).
Positioners: operating principle, types (pneumatic, electro-pneumatic,).
Other types of control valves: simple and double-seat valves, cage valves, “Camflex” type valves, three-way valves,
On/off sensors: position sensors, electro-valves,
Safety valves: types, simple and double actuators,

Control Loop Implementation

Simple, override, and split-range loops.
Fractionation, calculated variable, feedforward control systems.

Distributed Control System (Dcs)

Safety System Layout

Network architecture and constitution - Examples.
Emergency Shut-Down (ESD) systems: role, examples of typical architectures.
Fire and gas system: role, typical arrangements.
High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS): role, specificities, typical arrangements.

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