The goal of this training program is to provide oil industry geologists with a thorough introduction to the study of rock types such as sandstone and carbonate in relation to reservoir quality. The investigation of reservoir quality enables the identification of the primary depositional, provenance, and diagenetic controls on the development of the poro-perm properties of carbonate and sandstone reservoirs (e.g., porosity evolution vs burial depth, mineralogical composition, and diagenetic environments). Additionally taken into consideration are examples from carbonate and sandstone oil/gas reservoirs, such as the present-day basins in East and West Africa.

Course Objectives:

By the end of this training course, participants will:

Understand what are the different types of sandstone hydrocarbon reservoirs and their main controls on reservoir quality
Understand what are the different types of carbonate reservoirs and their main controls on reservoir quality
Be able to differentiate depositional, provenance and diagenetic markers of analyzed sandstones and carbonates
Be able to integrate and interpret poro-perm data vs. stratigraphy and regional geology (e.g. well correlations)
Understand the main rock-based methodologies of analysis applied to reservoir quality studies
Be conversant with the concepts of Rock typing and petrophysical comparison of cuttings and core samples

Who Should Attend?

This training course is suitable to a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit:

Sedimentary geologists of service and oil companies
Junior to mid-level geologists carrying out rock-based geological projects
Sedimentologists who need to be conversant on rock typing concepts
Petrography’s of small and large oil-industry organizations
PhD students in sedimentary geology of academic institutions

Course Outlines:

Introduction to Siliciclastic Reservoirs

Siliciclastic rocks, sediment texture, detrital components
Sandstone classification, minerals and source areas, depositional markers
Sandstone composition, provenance and tectonic settings
Grain size analysis and Digital Image Analysis
Depositional environments, Provenance and reservoir quality
Definition of matrix and pseudo-matrix
Compaction and authigenic components
Diagenesis of siliciclastic rocks, diagenetic environments & sequences
Concepts of SEM, EDAX and XRD analyses, chronology of diagenesis
Concepts of CL analysis on the distribution of quartz cement

Reservoir Quality Analysis of Sandstone Rock-Types

Reservoir quality definition and methods of work
Cementation and reservoir quality
Porosity types in sandstones
Porosity-permeability analysis and interpretation, cuttings TS descriptions/analysis tied to wireline logs
Estimating subsurface reservoir quality from outcrop samples.
Rock Typing, Petrophysical assessment of cuttings, rock typing analysis of cuttings petro-types
Rock Typing classification scheme(s) as from oil industry methodologies
Rock Typing and reservoir quality
Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality and porosity variation with depth & stratigraphy

Introduction to Carbonate Reservoirs

Introduction of carbonate reservoirs.
Components of limestones, Carbonate depositional environments and facies, calcite vs. aragonite seas in the geological record
Matrix and authigenic components, Taxa vs. mineralogy, classification of limestones
Rates of carbonate production, microfossils, paleo environmental markers, carbonate platform facies, carbonates and sea level changes, regional carbonate petrography vs. stratigraphy
Carbonate diagenesis: neomorphism, compaction, marine diagenesis, meteoric diagenesis, burial diagenesis
Diagenetic markers, Carbonate diagenetic stages
Dolomite textures and stable isotope signatures

Reservoir Quality Analysis of Carbonate Rock-Types

Carbonate diagenesis and reservoir quality, Dolomite texture vs. Petrophysics, dolomitization models, limestone vs. dolostone reservoir quality
Porosity in carbonate rocks, classification schemes, Petrophysics by carbonate rock-types, porosity preservation, visual estimation of porosity vs. point count porosity
Controls on reservoir quality, rock fabric and wireline logs, porosity evolution vs. geological time
Carbonate reservoir models and reservoir quality, porosity vs. petro-facies
Rock Typing concepts, Petrophysical assessment of cuttings, rock typing classification schemes, Rock Typing datasheets, Rock Typing and reservoir quality
Emphasis on single well or multi-well studies, with regional reservoir quality correlations

Examples of Siliciclastic and Carbonate Reservoirs and Practical work

Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoirs from North, East and West Africa
Italian carbonate reservoirs, Angolan Pre-Salt (Pre-Aptian) reservoirs, Kenyan carbonates, Indonesian carbonate reservoirs, New Zealand carbonate reservoirs, Oman reservoirs
Practical session in polarizing microscopy on Texture, composition, diagenesis, porosity and reservoir quality of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks-types
Visual estimation of sandstone and carbonate porosity. The porosity of core samples (point count porosity) and point count porosity vs. CA data
Differences in the controls on reservoir quality between sandstones and carbonates
SEM/EDX/XRD Images and plots

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